Archive

Create and extract tar archives with Bun’s fast native implementation

Bun.Archive is Bun’s native API for tar archives. It creates archives from in-memory data, extracts archives to disk, and reads archive contents without extraction.

Quickstart

Create an archive from files:

const archive = new Bun.Archive({
  "hello.txt": "Hello, World!",
  "data.json": JSON.stringify({ foo: "bar" }),
  "nested/file.txt": "Nested content",
});

// Write to disk
await Bun.write("bundle.tar", archive);

Extract an archive:

const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);
const entryCount = await archive.extract("./output");
console.log(`Extracted ${entryCount} entries`);

Read archive contents without extracting:

const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);
const files = await archive.files();

for (const [path, file] of files) {
  console.log(`${path}: ${await file.text()}`);
}

Creating Archives

Use new Bun.Archive() to create an archive from an object where keys are file paths and values are file contents. By default, archives are uncompressed:

// Creates an uncompressed tar archive (default)
const archive = new Bun.Archive({
  "README.md": "# My Project",
  "src/index.ts": "console.log('Hello');",
  "package.json": JSON.stringify({ name: "my-project" }),
});

File contents can be:

• Strings - Text content
• Blobs - Binary data
• ArrayBufferViews (such as Uint8Array) - Raw bytes
• ArrayBuffers - Raw binary data

const data = "binary data";
const arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);

const archive = new Bun.Archive({
  "text.txt": "Plain text",
  "blob.bin": new Blob([data]),
  "bytes.bin": new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
  "buffer.bin": arrayBuffer,
});

Writing Archives to Disk

Use Bun.write() to write an archive to disk:

// Write uncompressed tar (default)
const archive = new Bun.Archive({
  "file1.txt": "content1",
  "file2.txt": "content2",
});
await Bun.write("output.tar", archive);

// Write gzipped tar
const compressed = new Bun.Archive({ "src/index.ts": "console.log('Hello');" }, { compress: "gzip" });
await Bun.write("output.tar.gz", compressed);

Getting Archive Bytes

Get the archive data as bytes or a Blob:

const archive = new Bun.Archive({ "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" });

// As Uint8Array
const bytes = await archive.bytes();

// As Blob
const blob = await archive.blob();

// With gzip compression (set at construction)
const gzipped = new Bun.Archive({ "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" }, { compress: "gzip" });
const gzippedBytes = await gzipped.bytes();
const gzippedBlob = await gzipped.blob();

Extracting Archives

From Existing Archive Data

Create an archive from existing tar/tar.gz data:

// From a file
const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archiveFromFile = new Bun.Archive(tarball);

// From a fetch response
const response = await fetch("https://example.com/archive.tar.gz");
const archiveFromFetch = new Bun.Archive(await response.blob());

Extracting to Disk

Use .extract() to write all files to a directory:

const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);
const count = await archive.extract("./extracted");
console.log(`Extracted ${count} entries`);

extract() creates the target directory if it doesn’t exist and overwrites existing files. The returned count includes files, directories, and symlinks (on POSIX systems).

Note: On Windows, Bun always skips symbolic links during extraction, regardless of privilege level. On Linux and macOS, symlinks are extracted normally.

Security note: Bun.Archive validates paths during extraction. It rejects absolute paths (POSIX /, Windows drive letters like C:\ or C:/, and UNC paths like \\server\share) and unsafe symlink targets. Path traversal components (..) are normalized away to prevent directory escape attacks: dir/sub/../file becomes dir/file.

Filtering Extracted Files

Use glob patterns to extract only specific files. Patterns are matched against archive entry paths normalized to use forward slashes (/). Positive patterns specify what to include, and negative patterns (prefixed with !) specify what to exclude. Negative patterns are applied after positive patterns, so using only negative patterns matches nothing (you must include a positive pattern like ** first):

const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);

// Extract only TypeScript files
const tsCount = await archive.extract("./extracted", { glob: "**/*.ts" });

// Extract files from multiple directories
const multiCount = await archive.extract("./extracted", {
  glob: ["src/**", "lib/**"],
});

When mixing positive and negative patterns, entries must match at least one positive pattern and no negative pattern:

// Extract everything except node_modules
const distCount = await archive.extract("./extracted", {
  glob: ["**", "!node_modules/**"],
});

// Extract source files but exclude tests
const srcCount = await archive.extract("./extracted", {
  glob: ["src/**", "!**/*.test.ts", "!**/__tests__/**"],
});

Reading Archive Contents

Get All Files

Use .files() to get archive contents as a Map of File objects without extracting to disk. Unlike extract(), which processes all entry types, files() returns only regular files (no directories):

const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);
const files = await archive.files();

for (const [path, file] of files) {
  console.log(`${path}: ${file.size} bytes`);
  console.log(await file.text());
}

Each File object includes:

• name - The file path within the archive (always uses forward slashes / as separators)
• size - File size in bytes
• lastModified - Modification timestamp
• Standard Blob methods such as text(), arrayBuffer(), and stream()

Note: files() loads file contents into memory. For large archives, use extract() to write directly to disk instead.

Error Handling

Archive operations can fail due to corrupted data, I/O errors, or invalid paths. Use try/catch to handle these cases:

try {
  const tarball = await Bun.file("package.tar.gz").bytes();
  const archive = new Bun.Archive(tarball);
  const count = await archive.extract("./output");
  console.log(`Extracted ${count} entries`);
} catch (e: unknown) {
  if (e instanceof Error) {
    const error = e as Error & { code?: string };
    if (error.code === "EACCES") {
      console.error("Permission denied");
    } else if (error.code === "ENOSPC") {
      console.error("Disk full");
    } else {
      console.error("Archive error:", error.message);
    }
  } else {
    console.error("Archive error:", String(e));
  }
}

Common error scenarios:

• Corrupted/truncated archives - new Archive() loads the archive data; errors may be deferred until read/extract operations
• Permission denied - extract() throws if the target directory is not writable
• Disk full - extract() throws if there’s insufficient space
• Invalid paths - Operations throw for malformed file paths

For additional security with untrusted archives, you can enumerate and validate paths before extraction:

const archive = new Bun.Archive(untrustedData);
const files = await archive.files();

// Optional: Custom validation for additional checks
for (const [path] of files) {
  // Example: Reject hidden files
  if (path.startsWith(".") || path.includes("/.")) {
    throw new Error(`Hidden file rejected: ${path}`);
  }
  // Example: Whitelist specific directories
  if (!path.startsWith("src/") && !path.startsWith("lib/")) {
    throw new Error(`Unexpected path: ${path}`);
  }
}

// Extract to a controlled destination
await archive.extract("./safe-output");

When called with a glob pattern, files() returns an empty Map if no files match:

const matches = await archive.files("*.nonexistent");
if (matches.size === 0) {
  console.log("No matching files found");
}

Filtering with Glob Patterns

Pass a glob pattern to filter which files are returned:

// Get only TypeScript files
const tsFiles = await archive.files("**/*.ts");

// Get files in src directory
const srcFiles = await archive.files("src/*");

// Get all JSON files (recursive)
const jsonFiles = await archive.files("**/*.json");

// Get multiple file types with array of patterns
const codeFiles = await archive.files(["**/*.ts", "**/*.js"]);

Supported glob patterns (subset of Bun.Glob syntax):

• * - Match any characters except /
• ** - Match any characters including /
• ? - Match single character
• [abc] - Match character set
• {a,b} - Match alternatives
• !pattern - Exclude files matching pattern (negation). Must be combined with positive patterns; using only negative patterns matches nothing.

See Bun.Glob for the full glob syntax including escaping and advanced patterns.

Compression

Bun.Archive creates uncompressed tar archives by default. Use { compress: "gzip" } to enable gzip compression:

// Default: uncompressed tar
const archive = new Bun.Archive({ "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" });

// Reading: automatically detects gzip
const gzippedTarball = await Bun.file("archive.tar.gz").bytes();
const readArchive = new Bun.Archive(gzippedTarball);

// Enable gzip compression
const compressed = new Bun.Archive({ "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" }, { compress: "gzip" });

// Gzip with custom level (1-12)
const maxCompression = new Bun.Archive({ "hello.txt": "Hello, World!" }, { compress: "gzip", level: 12 });

The options argument accepts:

• No options or undefined - Uncompressed tar (default)
• { compress: "gzip" } - Enable gzip compression at level 6
• { compress: "gzip", level: number } - Gzip with custom level 1-12 (1 = fastest, 12 = smallest)

Examples

Bundle Project Files

import { Glob } from "bun";

// Collect source files
const files: Record<string, string> = {};
const glob = new Glob("src/**/*.ts");

for await (const path of glob.scan(".")) {
  // Normalize path separators to forward slashes for cross-platform compatibility
  const archivePath = path.replaceAll("\\", "/");
  files[archivePath] = await Bun.file(path).text();
}

// Add package.json
files["package.json"] = await Bun.file("package.json").text();

// Create compressed archive and write to disk
const archive = new Bun.Archive(files, { compress: "gzip" });
await Bun.write("bundle.tar.gz", archive);

Extract and Process npm Package

const response = await fetch("https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz");
const archive = new Bun.Archive(await response.blob());

// Get package.json
const files = await archive.files("package/package.json");
const packageJson = files.get("package/package.json");

if (packageJson) {
  const pkg = JSON.parse(await packageJson.text());
  console.log(`Package: ${pkg.name}@${pkg.version}`);
}

Create Archive from Directory

import { readdir } from "node:fs/promises";
import { join } from "node:path";

async function archiveDirectory(dir: string, compress = false): Promise<Bun.Archive> {
  const files: Record<string, Blob> = {};

  async function walk(currentDir: string, prefix: string = "") {
    const entries = await readdir(currentDir, { withFileTypes: true });

    for (const entry of entries) {
      const fullPath = join(currentDir, entry.name);
      const archivePath = prefix ? `${prefix}/${entry.name}` : entry.name;

      if (entry.isDirectory()) {
        await walk(fullPath, archivePath);
      } else {
        files[archivePath] = Bun.file(fullPath);
      }
    }
  }

  await walk(dir);
  return new Bun.Archive(files, compress ? { compress: "gzip" } : undefined);
}

const archive = await archiveDirectory("./my-project", true);
await Bun.write("my-project.tar.gz", archive);

Reference

Note: The following type signatures are simplified. See packages/bun-types/bun.d.ts for the full type definitions.

type ArchiveInput =
  | Record<string, string | Blob | Bun.ArrayBufferView | ArrayBufferLike>
  | Blob
  | Bun.ArrayBufferView
  | ArrayBufferLike;

type ArchiveOptions = {
  /** Compression algorithm. Currently only "gzip" is supported. */
  compress?: "gzip";
  /** Compression level 1-12 (default 6 when gzip is enabled). */
  level?: number;
};

interface ArchiveExtractOptions {
  /** Glob pattern(s) to filter extraction. Supports negative patterns with "!" prefix. */
  glob?: string | readonly string[];
}

class Archive {
  /**
   * Create an Archive from input data
   * @param data - Files to archive (as object) or existing archive data (as bytes/blob)
   * @param options - Compression options. Uncompressed by default.
   *                  Pass { compress: "gzip" } to enable compression.
   */
  constructor(data: ArchiveInput, options?: ArchiveOptions);

  /**
   * Extract archive to a directory
   * @returns Number of entries extracted (files, directories, and symlinks)
   */
  extract(path: string, options?: ArchiveExtractOptions): Promise<number>;

  /**
   * Get archive as a Blob (uses compression setting from constructor)
   */
  blob(): Promise<Blob>;

  /**
   * Get archive as a Uint8Array (uses compression setting from constructor)
   */
  bytes(): Promise<Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>>;

  /**
   * Get archive contents as File objects (regular files only, no directories)
   */
  files(glob?: string | readonly string[]): Promise<Map<string, File>>;
}